Open hearth process
A. gas and air enter
B. pre-heated chamber
C. molten pig iron
D. hearth
E. heating chamber (cold)
F. gas and air exit.
The open hearth process is a
batch process
and a batch is called a "heat". The furnace is first inspected for
possible damage. Once it is ready or repaired, it is charged with light
scrap, such as sheet metal, shredded vehicles or waste metal. Once it
has melted, heavy scrap, such as building, construction or steel milling
scrap is added, together with pig iron from blast furnaces. Once all
steel has melted, slag forming agents, such as limestone, are added. The
oxygen in iron oxide and other impurities decarburize the pig iron by
burning the carbon away, forming steel. To increase the oxygen contents
of the heat, iron ore can be added to the heat.
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